Choropleth Map: Nominal

http://factsanddetails.com/Asian.php?itemid=2763&catid=66&subcatid=419
Nominal choropleth maps are simply maps that display areal data that is of the nominal nature, meaning the data is categorical or qualitative rather than has a specific order to it. This map of china portrays the areal spread of top known minorities living in China. Its data is strictly nominal because it is completely qualitative, focusing on race rather than quantitative or numerical data. 

Parallel Coordinate Plot

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_coordinates
Parallel coordinate plots are often used explore relationships among variables. In a sense, one observed subject conveyed in a parallel coordinate plot could be thought similar to one star plot. Each vertical axis represents a range of values for one variable, and the corresponding values for an observation are plotted along them and connected with a line. This plot represents data from a study of three different flowers: setosa, versicolor, and virginica. The four variables were: sepal width, sepal length, petal width, and petal length. From the multitude of samples, you can see that setosa had the shortest petals, followed by versicolor, then virginica with the longest petals of the three species.

Index Value Plot

http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v4/n11/fig_tab/ngeo1296_F3.html
Index value plots use index values instead of absolute numbers. For example, they would be useful to predict a trend past the point of completion for a particular study, using an average from the time period of the study then comparing the actuality of continuing events to the predicted behavior of the graph. These index value plots have done just that with the standard deviations of emissions of ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gases between 1970 and 2010 (when the study was done) and then projected the standard deviations into the future up to 2090.

Bilateral Graph

http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/03/10/98336/-Greenspan-s-bubbles-more-graphs
Bilateral graphs are used to graph data with two related variables within the same time period. The two lines are usually trending inversely (one negatively and one positively) and intersect and produce two overlapping areas. This graph looks at U.S. real private consumption relative to global real GDP in relation to the U.S. trade balance. In February 2005, while the real private consumption relative to global real GDP increased, the trade balance decreased. The overlapping area to the left of the intersection shows net loss while the area to the right shows net gain.

Isopleths

http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/oakfield/meso/12dewsfc.gif
On an isoline map, we see the lines that connect areas with like response values to the question of study. Those lines, in any isoline map, are called isopleths. They have different names in some weather maps or geological maps, but in general, they are called isopleths. The isopleths on this map from July 16, 1996, connect areas with equal surface dewpoint temperature values.

Choropleth Map: Unstandardized

http://www.sitemaker.umich.edu/356.haas/files/us_map.jpg
An unstandardized choropleth map represents data that is not areally averaged. They display data in its raw form. This map of percentage of Spaniards in each state in 2000 is unstandardized because even though there are classification intervals, each state is labled with its actual percentage so the raw data is still observable.

Choropleth Map: Standardized

http://envis.praha-mesto.cz/rocenky/Envi97/img/6-02.gif
Standardized is the title given to choropleth maps that are areally averaged. Usually, they represent data about density or percentages. This map demonstrates areally averaged data from the study of population density in municipal districts of Prague in 1996. It's averaged because the population of each municipal districts is relativized by inhabitants per square kilometers.